Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)

This is the first time we are using GPS to set up cadastral reference mark (CRM) where I could not find any boundary marks in this estate. This estate is neighbour with jungle reserve and previous owner had dug a wide drain along the boundary and I suspected the boundary marks has been removed while the process of digging by ecavator. However, I need to confirm my survey before I able to refix the old boundarys.

The GPS need to set at open sky area with no shade tree or object

Energetic and young team

We are using static method with 1 pair of GPS.

According to survey circular 2009, part of survey datum is 2 new CRM with distance no less than 30m and observation can be in static method with condition both points must observe on same time. The observation only take about 30 minutes except the master set observation where the observation was about an hour.

We also set 2 CRM where the estate manager show us the bundary mark with small holder. By this method we do not need to traverse where involve of time and cost.

According to our GPS consultant, even through we have CRM and NDCDB dataset. We still need to search for old boundary marks because no all the NDCDB are valid. Land owner only believe in boundary stone and no the NDCDB coordinate where JUPEM just implemented recently.

The second reason is due to the conversion from WGS84 to cassini solder. The GPS coordinate is based on the centre of earth with is similar with GDM2000. However, the coordinate for cassini solder is based on the state origin and the error will propagate bigger when far from the origin. Based on the previous exercise, the consultant did mention the error can be out to 10-20 meters. In my case I found the old boundary mark where neigbour with this lot and I just need to do fitting to search the relevan old marks.